Maryland’s Court of Appeals recently ruled that pit bulls and pit bull mixes are “inherently dangerous.” The decision stems from a case involving a pit bull named Clifford that escaped from its pen twice, severely injuring two children on the same day. Plaintiffs sued the dog’s owner and the landlord. Maryland’s Court of Appeals ruling means that dog owners — and their landlords — are responsible for any injuries caused by pit bulls or pit bull mixes. Pit bull owners, rescue groups and nonprofit organizations have criticized the ruling, which places breed-specific legislation back in the spotlight.

Last December, a retired police officer Jim Sak and his pit bull service dog made headlines by challenging a breed ban in Aurelia, Iowa. According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, any breed can work as a service dog. The U.S. District Court in Sioux City granted a temporary injunction, reuniting Snickers and Sak, who credits his pit bull with detecting early signs of cancer. In July, Sak and Snickers will argue their case before a jury. In the meantime, Maryland pit bull owners — and their landlords — face tough choices. The Baltimore Sun reports of early fallout from the ruling, including landlords threatening pit bull owners with eviction. HSUS has responded with advice to renters who own pit bulls, along with links to pet-friendly rental properties on its website.

The American Society for the Prevention Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) opposes Maryland’s ruling. Its newly established legal advocacy department will target civil and criminal cases that could substantially impact animal welfare, providing support to attorneys and drafting bills for its government relations department, which will monitor legislation based on the recent court ruling.

—————————–
HOW it works for arthritis
—————————–

It replenishes sulfur stores within arthritic joints, allowing
cartilage to rebuild.

There is also evidence suggesting that it increases the
effectiveness of glucosamine.

———————————
Should you use it?
———————————

In supplementing for arthritis, different animals respond to the
variety of supplements.

Some ONLY need Glucosamine, while others respond much BETTER to
combinations of supplements.

In treating dogs and cats for arthritis, I have had the best success in supplementing with Glucosamine, Chondroitin AND MSM.

Diamond Pet Foods has expanded its recall- clearly there is a problem with Salmonella and their food.

Chicken Soup for the Pet Lover’s Soul Adult Light Formula—dry dog food, 35 lb. bag, with production codes CLF0102B31XCW (best by Jan. 27, 2013), CLF0102B31XCW (best by Jan. 28, 2013) and CLF0102B32XWR (best by Jan. 28, 2013).

• Chicken Soup for the Pet Lover’s Soul Adult Light Formula—dry dog food, 6 lb. bag, with production code CLF0102B3XALW (best by Jan. 28, 2013).

The recalled formula was distributed in Florida, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina and Virginia, although the product may have reached other states. Diamond Pet Foods is working with distributors and retailers who carry the products to remove them from the supply chain.

Consumers who have purchased Chicken Soup for the Pet Lover’s Soul Adult Light Formula dry dog food with these production codes and best-before dates should discard the product and contact their veterinarian with any concerns. Pet owners who are unsure if the product they purchased is included in the recall or who would like replacement product or a refund may contact Diamond Pet Foods at (800) 442-0402 or by visiting chickensoupforthepetloverssoul.com/information.

This recall is an expansion of an April limited voluntary recall that was at first limited to Diamond Pet Foods’ Naturals Lamb and Rice products and eventually included all products made at its Gaston, S.C., plant.

Hopefully you had no problems.

It can cause serious health issues- and I saw it many times in practice.

Never use Advil for your dog, and don’t give ANY None steroidal anti-inflammatories to your cat.

Go with MANY of the alternative options first- few to NO side effects, and in some cases nearly as effective.

Advil is an NSAID or non steroidal anti-INFLAMMATORY WHICH PRODUCES dramatic drops in blood pressure, resulting in kidney damage, PLUS Severe stomach and intestinal damage.

——————————-
A dog who ate an entire bottle
——————————-

I had a conversation with an owner, who’s dog named Max who ate an entire bottle of Advil

Max had both of these problems- Kidney Damage and
Stomach Ulceration.

He recovered after 7 days of treatment and much expense, but he will always have some degree of kidney disease.

Max’s owner told me that it took him over 2 hours
to see the emergency veterinarian, and in that time
most of the damage was done.

He was told NOT to do anything.

So what can you take from this?

FIRST: Keep ALL medications safely AWAY from your pets

SECOND: Know what to do IF they swallow any.

Here is what you should KNOW:

SOLUTIONS

TO YOUR VETERINARIAN. If your pet is showing signs of ingesting
a poison, it is important that she is examined by your
veterinarian and treated appropriately. Some toxins can progress
and lead to severe seizures. If you suspect Antifreeze poisoning,
it must be treated within 4-6 hours, before irreversible kidney
damage is done.

PURGE THE POISON. In most cases of poisoning, getting your pet to
vomit is the most important thing that you can do.

To induce vomiting, give hydrogen peroxide at 1 teaspoon per 10 lbs of body weight. If your pet doesn’t vomit in 10 minutes, repeat again. NEVER do more than 2 treatments of peroxide. You can also try salt: dilute 1 teaspoon of salt in a tablespoon of water per every 10lbs of body weight.

DELAY ABSORPTION. Activated charcoal is readily available at most
pharmacies. It delays absorption of any toxin by binding to the
toxic compound in the stomach. The easiest way is to give the
capsule form. For those garbage-eating dogs (such as my own dog)
it is a good idea to have hydrogen peroxide and activated charcoal
always on hand.

One of the more common causes is arthritis- especially in middle aged to older dogs.

Some effective and safe nutraceuticals for this include: glucosamine, chondroitin, MSM, Essential Fatty Acids.

———————-
Symptoms of pain
———————-

Our dogs have signs and symptoms of pain much in the way that people do, but often this pain is unrecognized, not diagnosed, and hence not treated.

Some dogs may just be reluctant to move, to jump up, or have difficulty rising after lying down.

They may tremble, eat or drink less, be generally depressed, or be panting more.

More obvious signs of pain are obvious lameness, pain on palpation of a specific area of their body, increased heart rate and breathing, and vocalization.

Some dogs have strictly behavioral changes, such as being more aggressive, or not really reacting to being petted and groomed.

——————————
Your Options
——————————

So if you suspect that your dog is in pain, what can you do?

Clearly a diagnosis of the cause of the pain is best, and this means you performing a basic exam of your dog, or visiting your veterinarian.

If your dog has a more chronic condition, such as arthritis, then I would suggest some of the safer home remedies, before using the potent, conventional veterinary drugs.

————————————–
Glucosamine, Chondroitin and MSM
————————————–

Glucosamine hydrochloride is the most important supplement to add to your dog’s diet. The dose is 100 mg once daily per 10 lbs of body weight. It helps to rebuild the cartilage and delay further cartilage breakdown, appearing to have some anti-inflammatory properties.

It can come in a variety of combinations, with the most effective combinations including chondroitin and MSM.

You should look for the chondroitin dose to be at least 50% of the glucosamine level. For example, a 50lb dog should be dosed at 500mg of glucosamine, and 250mg of chondroitin.

———————————–
Homeopathics
———————————–

Homeopathic remedies can be surprisingly effective for pain relief in your dog, and even more importantly come with no side effects.
Arnica is used for trauma, sudden pain, including back pain, such as prolapsing discs and spondylosis. The dose being 1 30C capsule per 20lbs every 1-2 hours.

Arnica is also available as a gel, and in combination with other homepathics, such as Traumeel; the topical cream is very beneficial for locally painful areas, such as a painful knee.

———————————-
Essential Fatty Acids
———————————-

The use of NSAID medications ( Meloxicam, Rimadyl) is a well-established therapy for both acute and chronic nonspecific pain, but complications, including gastric ulcers, bleeding, and even deaths, are associated with their use.

An alternative treatment with fewer side effects that also reduces the inflammatory response and thereby reduces pain is the omega 3 EFAs ( essential fatty acids) found in flax oil and fish oil.

Standard anti-inflammatory dose being 250-1000mg per 10lbs daily
P.S. You should now have a good understanding of dog pain, including how to check if your dog is in pain, with the most common symptoms, such as depression, behavioral changes, and panting.

Arthritis is the most common cause of dog pain- and you should be looking at some of the holistic options before only using the conventional anti-inflammatories.

4 key ingredients for natural pain control include: glucosamine, chondroitin, MSM and essential fatty acids.

There are some very basic steps:

1. Assess responsiveness

2. Establish a patent airway

3. Perform rescue breathing

4. Cardiac massage – establishing circulation

STEP 1

RESPONSIVENESS

The first step is making sure that your pet is truly unresponsive.

1.CHECK his breathing by placing your hand in front of his mouth and nose.

2.CHECK for his heartbeat by placing your ear against the left side of his chest. This is the area where his left elbow touches his chest, immediately behind his left armpit.

STEP 2

AIRWAY

The second step in CPR is obtaining a patent airway.

1.PULL the tongue out of your pet’s mouth, but be careful to not get bitten.

2. STRAIGHTEN the neck by moving the head to be in line with the neck.

DO NOT HYPEREXTEND IN CASES OF NECK TRAUMA.

3. PERFORM two rescue breaths, by closing the mouth and performing mouth to nose ventilations. IF they continue, then proceed to STEP 3, BREATHING.

If there are no breaths, then look into the mouth.

4.VISIBLY inspect the mouth and look down the throat for a foreign body. If you see something, reach into the airway and remove it.

5.IF the airway is still not open, attempt HEIMLICH (shown in following steps).

6.TURN your pet upside down, with back against your chest.

7.WITH both arms, give sharp thrusts to the abdomen.

8.AFTER 5 thrusts, stop and check to see if the object is visible in the airway. If so remove it and give 2 mouth-to-nose rescue breaths. If the breaths do not go in, repeat HEIMLICH.

STEP 3

BREATHING

After achieving a patent airway, perform RESCUE BREATHING.

1.CLOSE your pet’s mouth and breathe directly into his nose until his chest expands. If the chest doesn’t expand then go back to STEP 2 – AIRWAY.

2.VENTILATE at 15 breaths per minute. One BREATH every 4 seconds.

3.PROCEED to STEP 4 – CIRCULATION

STEP 4

CIRCULATION

1.ENSURE there are no major points of bleeding. Control as necessary.

2.GENTLY lay your pet on his right side.

3.LOCATE the heart, which is found on the lower half of the chest on the left side, behind the elbow of the front left leg. Place one hand below the heart to support the chest; place the other hand over the heart.

4.COMPRESS the chest 15 times followed by 2 rescue breaths. 3 compressions every 2 seconds. Compress the chest 1 inch for small pets and 1 1/2 inches for large pets.

5.EVERY 15 times follow up with 2 rescue breaths.

Continue heart massage compressions and the rescue breathing until you hear a heart beat and feel regular breathing. ONCE your pet is breathing and his heart is beating, CALL your veterinarian immediately!!!

P.S. It’s all about being prepared, and knowing what to do at the right time.

Practice it.

They DON’T work.

And you can harm your dog or cat by doing so.

In fact they may irritate the tick, and have MORE disease carrying saliva introduced into your pet- the opposite that you want.

1.Get some gloves- don’t expose yourself to any of the tick borne diseases

2. Use tweezers, and grab the tick right at the base of the skin,

3. Pull the tick straight out, preferably with a small bit of skin.

4. Use a steady, slow motion- it is better not to leave any of the mouth parts

5. Flush the unwanted tick down the toilet

6. Scrub the skin after with an antiseptic scrub- chorhexidine or black tea

Here are some of the many signs:

Chronic itching and scratching.
Ear infections.
Hair loss
Red, painful skin
Thickened black skin
Bad skin odor
Paw licking
Anal licking
Head shaking

So What can you do?

Well a fairly recent study in people shows that probiotics can
help. ( Source: NBC NEWS)

Here are some highlights of the study:

Exposing pregnant mothers and infants to probiotic bacteria could
help stimulate the growth of the immune system and potentially
play a role in preventing allergies, say researchers.

The team selected 1223 women who either had a history of
allergies, or their partner did, or both. Since susceptibility to
allergy is partly genetic, this allowed the team to assume that
the babies were “predisposed” to allergies.

The women took probiotic or placebo doses daily from the eighth
month of pregnancy. While some women dropped out or did not
successfully deliver, 925 infants continued in the study and had
the same probiotic or placebo dosage given to them daily for six
months after birth.

Marschan and colleagues found that levels of key proteins
associated with tissue inflammation were 50% higher on average in
the blood of probiotic-treated infants than in the blood of
placebo-treated infants. Inflammation is thought to stimulate the
immune system, and so reduce allergic reaction.

Probiotic children were also 30% less likely than their untreated
counterparts to develop an itchy skin condition known as atopic
eczema, which is often an early manifestation of allergies.

The findings support the idea that allergies have increased, at
least partially, thanks to the deficit of bacteria in modern
living. Historically, food was loaded with bacteria and caused
chronic immune responses that resulted in inflammation, says
paediatric immunologist Anthony Horner at the University of
California at San Diego.

The patient had dental surgery, there were complications, and he died. Now his family members are accusing the doctor of negligence and claiming that the episode caused them emotional distress.

It’s a typical medical malpractice case — except in this 3-year-old dispute, the patient was a sheepdog named Lucky.

Barry Silver, the attorney for Lucky’s owners, says that when the case goes to trial this year in Broward County, Fla., he intends to ask jurors to award hundreds of thousands of dollars to the dog’s owners, Adam Riff and his mother, Ellen.

If Silver is successful, Lucky’s case would join a series of recent court decisions that essentially have treated animals as human under the law. In a reflection of the special place that pets have come to hold in Americans’ hearts, U.S. courts are bucking centuries of legal decisions that have defined animals as property.

In recent years, courts in New York, Maryland and Texas have resolved custody disputes involving pets by deciding what’s best for the pet. Judges in 25 states have administered financial trusts set up in pets’ names.

And as Lucky’s case indicates, there has been another turn in animal law: Courts have begun to take claims of veterinary malpractice seriously.

Since 1997, courts in Kentucky and California have awarded damages to pet owners for loss of companionship, emotional distress and other factors that go beyond the way courts have long assessed animals’ worth: by their market value.

That’s the standard the Riffs are challenging in their lawsuit against the Welleby Veterinary Center in Broward County.

“I loved Lucky like he was my son, my little boy,” says Adam Riff, 26, an Internet marketing salesman.

So for Riff, it was painful to hear an opposing lawyer’s argument to a judge, during an unsuccessful attempt to get the lawsuit dismissed, that Lucky “had depreciated” in the eight years after Riff had bought him for $300.

“Like a car,” Riff says.

Veterinary malpractice cases have not involved the staggering sums that can be associated with claims against doctors who treat humans.

The largest judgment in favor of a pet owner has been $39,000, which a jury in Orange County, Calif., awarded last year to Marc Bluestone.

His mutt, Shane, died of liver failure after a misdiagnosis. In a verdict that is being appealed by the vet, the jury awarded Bluestone $30,000 for the dog’s “unique value” to his owner, and $9,000 for vet bills.

Treating pets like humans

Critics of such judgments sound much like those who warn that multimillion-dollar medical malpractice verdicts for human patients are driving up the cost of health care.

Richard Cupp, a Pepperdine University law professor, says that if courts routinely start to award emotional damages to pet owners, veterinary care will cost more, leading to “more suffering” among pets because “fewer pets will get sent to the vet.”

He also fears the movement to treat pets more like humans under the law could lead to an avalanche of far-fetched animal rights lawsuits, such as claims on behalf of beef cattle headed for slaughter or monkeys used in medical research.

The emergence of veterinary malpractice lawsuits is driven not just by Americans’ deep emotional bonds with their pets but also by advances in veterinary medicine that have raised expectations that pets will live longer.

The USA’s 64 million pet owners now spend more than $18 billion a year on pet health care, according to the American Veterinary Medical Association, which says that the owner of a typical American dog will spend $11,500 on the animal during its lifetime — half of it on medical care. Pet hospitals now have specialists such as cardiologists, neurologists and oncologists.

Steve Wise, a Boston lawyer who has taught animal law at Harvard Law School, notes that veterinarians who help to foster the attachment between owner and pet also benefit financially from it.

“For a vet to charge $1,000 to do a procedure on a dog who has a market value of $10, the only reason anyone would consider paying it is, they don’t care what the market value is,” Wise says.

Duane Flemming, a veterinarian, lawyer and past president of the American Veterinary Medical Law Association, says vets who promote the emotional bond between owner and pet are hard-pressed to go to court and claim the animal had little value.

“It’s a hypocrisy to say, ‘Spend more money on animals because they are worth more,’ and then not be willing to award more when there’s a loss,” he says.

Flemming, who practices in Concord, Calif., is an ophthalmologist who says he once performed eye surgery on a one-legged duck.

“You used to go to the vet and get a bill for $20,” he says. “Now you go … and you’ve got an $18,000 bill. If your dog died, the only possible explanation is that someone did something wrong.”

In Houston, Fritz the (late) Persian cat was a patient at an animal hospital that has so many specialists it has an entire wing for aviary care.

“They run out with a gurney and put the animal on” it, says Jeffrey Dorrell, a Houston lawyer who is suing Gulf Coast Veterinary Internists on Fritz’s behalf. “It’s almost theater. They deliberately raise expectations with the magnificence of their facility.”

Fritz was diagnosed with pancreatitis and a cancerous mass in late 2002, the lawsuit says. Gulf Coast vets wanted to treat the pancreatitis first. Two months and many procedures later — including a failed effort to help Fritz gain weight — the tab topped $7,800, the lawsuit says. Then Fritz’s owner, Jennifer Beegle, was told to take him home to die.

‘Nothing to do’ with fee

“The case has nothing to do with what they charged us, although my father is a retired physician, and I will tell you, you pay more to have an MRI done for your animal than what would be charged at the very finest hospital for a human being,” she says.

Beegle is seeking a refund of her vet fees. At Gulf Coast, she says, “I saw grown men sobbing and pulling out three and four credit cards. Luckily, my parents had a $50,000 limit on their card. That was the first thing I was asked: What was the limit on my credit card?”

But Beegle, 36, says she would have paid more to save Fritz. She also says she wishes someone would have told her upfront that Fritz should have been put to sleep. “If he was not able to be saved, I never would have put him through this,” she says. “I am suing them because he suffered. He had feelings. They will not profit off my cat’s pain.”

Gulf Coast’s attorney, David Knight, says his clients dispute nearly all of Beegle’s allegations. He says the conversation about the credit card limit never occurred.

Knight also says the vets who treated Fritz gave “appropriate care under the circumstances, consistent with the appropriate standards of care.”

Dorrell, who plans to begin taking depositions this month, says he expects the case to be just as complex as a human malpractice case.

There are other parallels between veterinary malpractice and malpractice cases involving human patients.

Like doctors who treat people, vets express concern that lawsuits will drive up the cost of their malpractice insurance. So far, though, the price of vets’ insurance has been stable for a decade, usually at less than $200 a month.

The parallels have not been lost on Dan Bachi, the lawyer representing vets Jeffrey Sands and John Willie in the Florida case involving Lucky the sheepdog.

“If society is at a point where we need to limit damages to people, should we as a society be awarding money for the loss of pets?” Bachi asks.

“And where do you draw the line? Is it dogs, cats? Is it horses? Is it frogs? Is it my pet snake?”

Other big cases

Courts have seriously considered veterinary malpractice cases only in the past few years. Besides the $39,000 judgment awarded to Bluestone in Orange County, two decisions stand out:

- In 1997, a Kentucky jury awarded $15,000 to the owner of a German shepherd, Sheba, who bled to death after surgery. The jury was instructed that the dog could have an intrinsic value beyond its market value, much like an heirloom.

- In 2000, a judge in Costa Mesa, Calif., awarded almost $28,000 in general and other damages to a woman whose Rottweiler, Lonnie, had to have its teeth capped after a bungled dental surgery.

Bluestone may hold the record for an award in a vet malpractice case, but he has spent more than $350,000 taking it to court.

“Any sane attorney would not take veterinary malpractice cases,” Silver says. “You spend a long time and a lot of money, and you get nothing back.” He says he supports animal rights and takes such cases in order to represent “those who can’t speak for themselves.”

Bachi says the case is “a significant endeavor financially and emotionally” for the vets.

So why don’t the warring parties in Lucky’s case find a way to settle?

“These doctors worked hard to save this animal,” Bachi says. “They feel victimized by this. They feel falsely accused.”

The vets want a jury to decide whether their work fell below accepted standards of care. They say Lucky died from a pre-existing condition that went undiagnosed.

Adam Riff says he has spent $10,000 on the case. His lawsuit alleges that Willie was “defensive and indignant” when the Riffs asked him what went wrong with the anesthesia. Riff says that rather than continue to treat Lucky — who was in an oxygen tent after the dental surgery — Willie sent the Riffs and Lucky to an animal emergency center because it was closing time at Welleby, “and the next day was (Willie’s) day off.”

Riff says that “if he had just told us what happened and said, ‘I’m sorry, forgive me, it was an accident,’ we wouldn’t be doing this.”

‘Vaccine AEs (Adverse Events) are underreported in veterinary medicine.’

Meaning there are far more side effects than what is ‘published’ as they are NOT reported.

Here is some of what they have to say about side effects

Vaccines are biologic products and, as such, provoke a series of
complex immune reactions that may culminate in rapid-onset side
effects lasting from a few hours to a few days. Rarely do these selflimiting side effects escalate into serious AEs (SAEs).

For this reason, veterinarians are encouraged to inform clientele that their pet, regardless of breed or size, may manifest transient side effects for up to 2, and possibly 3, days after administration of any vaccine or any combination of vaccines.

Side effects commonly observed include:

reduced or loss of appetite (lasting for one or two feedings),
pain at the injection site, lethargy (lack of activity), reluctance to walk and/or run, and mild fever.

Treatment is usually not indicated; however, some veterinarians have reported administering short-term symptomatic treatment (e.g., a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug [NSAIDs]).

It is recommended that clientele be advised to contact the practice in the event any physical and/or behavioral manifestations progressively worsen or continue beyond 2–3 days. Clientele should be advised to contact the practice at any time if signs of systemic illness, such as vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, facial swelling, collapse, or difficulty breathing, develop.

————————
Serious Side Effects
————————

Injection-site reactions: lumps (abscess, granuloma, seroma),
pain, swelling, hair loss associated with ischemic vasculitis

Transient postvaccinal nonspecific illness: lethargy, anorexia,
fever, regional lymphadenomegaly, soreness, abortion, encephalitis,polyneuritis, arthritis, seizures, behavioral changes, hairloss or color change at the injection site, respiratory disease

Allergic (hypersensitivity) and immune-mediated reactions:

–Type 1 (acute anaphylaxis): angioedema (especially the head),
anaphylaxis (shock), and death

–Type 2 (cytolytic): immune-mediated hemolytic anemia,
immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (suspected only; causality
has not been confirmed)

–Type 3 (immune-complex): cutaneous ischemic vasculopathy
associated with rabies vaccine, corneal edema (‘blue-eye’) associated with CAV-1 vaccine, immune-mediated disease

Tumorigenesis: vaccine-associated sarcoma or other tumors

Multisystemic infectious/inflammatory disorder of young
Weimaraner dogs: may be genetically linked to both a poorly
characterized immunodeficiency and to autoimmune disorders
(e.g., hypothyroidism and hypertrophic osteodystrophy [HOD]
that are detected shortly after vaccination

Vaccine-induced immunosuppression: associated with first or
second dose of combination MLV vaccines containing CDVand
CAV-1 or CAV-2 with or without other vaccines (e.g., CPV-2,
CPI). Immunosuppression begins 3 days after vaccination and
persists for 7–10 days. The suppression may be associated with
increased susceptibility to other diseases.

Reactions caused by the incorrect or inappropriate administration
of vaccine: fatalities have been reported after subcutaneous
administration of an avirulent-live Bb bacterin (intended
for IN administration); inadvertent or intentional administration
of vaccine by the intravenous route

Reactions associated with residual virulence attenuated vaccine:
postvaccinal sneezing associated with IN administration of
attenuated vaccine (e.g., Bb 1 parainfluenza virus)

Vaccine-induced interference with diagnostic tests: falsepositive
polymerase chaine reaction (PCR) test results for parvovirus
antigen in feces in dogs recently receiving a MLV parvovirus
vaccine. Not an adverse reaction.

Reversion of vaccine virus to a virulent pathogen: generally
considered rare to nonexistent among currently licensed canine
vaccines when vaccines are used in the species for which they
were licensed. This can become a significant problem when
vaccine is used in the wild and/or exotic animals.
P.S. So just HOW common are vaccine reactions?

Good question, but as the side effects are under-reported, we just don’t know. No question FAR more common than what the reps of Big Pharma would tell you.

Which means you’ve got to really weigh the pros and cons of the vaccine.

ONLY give what is necessary.

Give it as infrequent as possible.

If you have a small dog or cat, I would ask your veterinarian about vaccine volume. WHY is it that a 160lb Great Dane would get the SAME volume of vaccine as a 3lb Chihuahua?

Makes no sense to me.

But in the AAHA Guidelines they advise to give the SAME volume, regardless of weight.

More reasons for YOU to be especially cautious.

Ultimately the point of vaccines are to PREVENT disease.

There are MANY ways to do this.

Such as the use of neutraceuticals to boost and support your dog’s immune system.